Climate change is increasingly affecting urban communities, but its consequences are not experienced equally by all sections of society. Urban slum communities are particularly vulnerable because they often live in environmentally fragile locations, depend heavily on informal employment, and have limited access to secure housing, healthcare, sanitation and other essential services. This study examines the relationship between climate vulnerability, livelihood insecurity and adaptation among urban slum communities. It focuses on how extreme heat, flooding, water scarcity, heavy rainfall and other climate-related stresses affect everyday life and income-generating activities. From a sociological perspective, the study argues that climate vulnerability is not merely an environmental problem but is closely connected with poverty, social inequality, insecure employment, inadequate housing and limited institutional support. The study also examines the coping and adaptation practices developed by slum residents, including changes in working hours, diversification of occupations, temporary migration, borrowing, social networks and modifications to housing. The article proposes a mixed-method approach combining household surveys, interviews and observation to understand both measurable vulnerability and lived experiences. It argues that the resilience of slum communities should not be understood simply as their ability to survive crises; rather, it should be examined in relation to structural inequalities that shape their choices and opportunities. The study concludes that inclusive urban planning, secure housing, improved basic services, livelihood protection and community participation are essential for building climate-resilient cities.