This review paper synthesizes recent literature (2010–2024) on political socialization and youth political participation, with particular attention to the changing role of traditional and digital agents. Using a systematic review approach guided by thematic analysis, studies were collected from Scopus, Google Scholar, JSTOR, and SpringerLink. The review examines the influence of family, educational institutions, peer groups, traditional media, and digital media on youth political attitudes and behaviors across diverse cultural and political contexts. The findings indicate that while family and schools remain foundational agents of political learning, digital media has transformed political engagement by expanding opportunities for participation while simultaneously increasing exposure to misinformation, polarization, and ideological fragmentation. The review also highlights differences in political socialization across democratic, authoritarian, and post-conflict societies. The study emphasizes the importance of civic education and digital literacy in fostering informed, responsible, and democratic youth participation.