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VOL. 7, ISSUE 4 (2025)
Implementation and impact of the PESA Act on Local Self-Governance: A study of Gram Sabhas in Scheduled Areas of Odisha
Authors
Manash Kumar Behera
Abstract
The Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas)
Act, 1996 (PESA) stands as a landmark legislative initiative designed to
empower tribal communities in India’s Scheduled Areas through the framework of
decentralized governance. This study examines the implementation of PESA in
Odisha, with a particular emphasis on the functioning of Gram Sabhas as
institutions of self-governance among tribal populations. In a state where
tribal communities constitute a significant proportion of the population, the
effective operationalization of PESA is crucial for advancing participatory
democracy and safeguarding indigenous rights. The research critically analyses
the role of Gram Sabhas in decision-making, resource management, and dispute
resolution across selected Scheduled Areas of Odisha. It identifies both
notable achievements and persistent challenges—such as bureaucratic
interference, limited awareness among tribal citizens, and inadequate
institutional support. Findings reveal that while PESA has opened significant
avenues for grassroots participation and empowerment, its transformative
potential remains constrained by implementation gaps and structural
limitations. The study underscores the importance of strengthening Gram Sabhas
through sustained capacity building, administrative accountability, and policy
reforms to realize PESA’s vision of authentic self-governance in Scheduled
Areas. By bridging the gap between legislative intent and field realities, this
paper contributes to the broader discourse on tribal governance, decentralized
democracy, and inclusive development in India.
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Pages:97-102
How to cite this article:
Manash Kumar Behera "Implementation and impact of the PESA Act on Local Self-Governance: A study of Gram Sabhas in Scheduled Areas of Odisha". International Journal of Sociology and Political Science, Vol 7, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 97-102
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