Family is the foundational institution of Indian society. The dynamics of family structure in India have undergone significant transformations over the years, reflecting the intricate interplay between tradition, modernity, socio-economic factors and cultural shifts. Such transformation is influenced by urbanization, industrialisation, westernization, globalization, educational attainment, changing gender roles and advancements in technology.

Changes that have occurred in family structure of India include changes in family system, authority, marriage norms, decision making, fertility and child care and gender roles. These changes had a profound impact on women, trans-genders and children. The impact on women includes increased autonomy, dual responsibility and increase in economic opportunities, redefined gender roles, socialisation and burden of care. The impact on Trans genders includes increased visibility, personal identity, gender norm expectations, social support and policy support. The impact on Children includes identity formation, social support, single parent households and cultural identity.

Covid-19 also had a lasting impact on family structure in India which includes impact on family bonds, financial stress and reallocation of intra-familial tasks. Government legislations, policies and social welfare programmes too played a crucial role in shaping family structure in India.